Tuesday, 26 November 2013

Week # 07 "Other Knowledge Capture Techniques"

On Site Observation: It is a process which includes observing, recording and interpreting the expert’s problem-solving process while it takes place. The knowledge developer does more listening than talking; avoids giving advice and usually does not pass his/her own judgment on what is being observed, even if it seems incorrect; and most of all, does not argue with the expert while the expert is performing the task. Some of the problems in On-Site observations are expert’s reluctance, peer’s reactions & accuracy of the captured knowledge.

Brainstorming: It is a free approach of producing thoughts about imaginative solution of a crisis.  It engages numerous experts in a sitting. The main questions considered in a brainstorming session include:
  • What benefits are to be gained if a particular idea is followed?
  • What specific problems that idea can possibly solve?
  • What new problems can arise through this?
In case of a conflict, the role of a knowledge expert is to guide all the experts to a single solution by voting or any other feasible technique.

Electronic Brainstorming: It is a computer-aided approach of brainstorming which deals with multiple experts. It encourages instant exchange of ideas among experts. It protects the introvert experts. The benefits are improved communications & effective discussions regarding sensitive matters.

Protocol Analysis: scenarios/protocols are composed by enquiring experts about how to resolve a problem & express their conclusions by stating their thoughts directly.

Consensus Decision Making: It is a method of group decision making. Input from all members are collected and blended to reach at a final conclusion which is acceptable to all. It aids in reaching to improved solutions & also encourages community and trust. The procedure is:
  • Forward a proposal.
  • Adjust the proposal with the help of discussions.
  • Those who disagree, forward alternate proposal.
  • If dead end is seen, the proposal is withdrawn.
  • Facilitator confirms any objections.
  • If no objections, facilitator can call for consensus.
  • If there are no further objections, then u have the decision.
  • Facilitator repeats the decision, to make everyone clear.
Nominal Group Technique (NGT): Provides an interface between consensus & brainstorming. The board of experts happens to be a Nominal Group whose conferences are prepared in order to efficiently pool individual judgment. It is an idea writing mechanism.

Idea Writing: It is a ordered group approach used for mounting ideas as well as discovering their semantics and the conclusion is typically a written report. steps of NGT includes:
  • Division of people in small groups.
  • Put forward an open-end query.
  • Every individual is required to brainstorm all possible ideas.
  • Collect ideas in round-robin fashion.
  • Each person evaluates the presented ideas.
  • A group report displays ideas having most points.
  • Brief group presentations are prepared on solutions.
Delphi Method: in this method, a chain of questionnaires are prepared to pool experts’ answers in explaining a difficult problem. Each expert’s offerings are shared with other experts by using results of one questionnaire to build the next questionnaire. advantages are:
  • Anonymous response
  • Controlled feedback
  • Statistical group response
Disadvantages are:
  • Inadequately prepared questionnaire cannot be much effective in confining the density of the problem domain.
  • Experts may be short of total knowledge to support their answers.
Repertory Grid: It is a procedure of drawing individual ideas. This is a tool used for knowledge capture. Its main benefit is that it prompt the expert to think more concretely about the problem and its solution. The main drawback is its difficulty to handle when large grids are accompanied by multifaceted details. Due to its difficulty and manageability, the tool is usually used in the early stages of knowledge capture.

Concept Mapping: It is a system of ideas, which consists of nodes & links. A node symbolizes a idea and a link symbolizes the association between concepts. Concept mapping is designed to convert new concepts/propositions into the existing cognitive structures related to knowledge capture. The process includes:
  • Preparation.
  • Idea generation.
  • Statement structuring.
  • Representation.
  • Interpretation
  • Utilization.
Black boarding (Groupware): Contributors are unspecified experts with only one of its kind experience. Every expert has equivalent likelihood to contribute to the solution via the blackboard. Process continues until the problem has been solved. Uniqueness of blackboard system:

  • Various approaches to problem-solving.
  • Common language for interaction.
  • Efficient storage of information.
  • Flexible representation of information.
  • Iterative approach to problem-solving.
  • Organized participation. 

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